With the rapid development of digital economy , Blockchain is an important infrastructure for the prosperity of digital industry ecology , It has great potential in promoting the innovative development of digital economy , Its connection with the Internet 、 big data 、 Deep integration of artificial intelligence and other information technologies , Are colliding in all walks of life and creating value , The boundaries of application scenarios are expanding . And when GIS Meet the blockchain , What changes will it bring to the application of geospatial data ？

for example , If we want to buy real estate , You need to find a house first , Determine the property owner , And have the legal owner sign the transfer agreement . These seem simple , But a lot of real estate mortgage owners 、 Problematic files 、 forged signature 、 Foreclosures and damaged mortgage documents make real estate transactions highly variable . and GIS The integration with blockchain technology can well solve such problems . As early as 2018 The first blockchain real estate electronic voucher in China was born in Loudi, Hunan Province , Behind this ,MapGIS Integrated with blockchain technology to establish a real estate blockchain information sharing platform , Realize the traceability of the whole life cycle of real estate registration data , It's also GIS Practice of integration with blockchain technology .2021 year ,MapGIS 10.5 Pro Release , It further integrates blockchain technology , This product is made in China GIS What kind of exploration and practice does the software platform have in the new application scenario of geospatial data ？

One 、 The technical magic of blockchain

Blockchain has distributed storage 、 cryptographic algorithm 、 Consensus mechanism 、 Core features such as tamper proof and smart contract , Simply put, it is a shared and unchangeable ledger . If blockchain technology is adopted in a system , Automatically every once in a while , Package the data generated by each participating node into a data block , All data blocks will be arranged in chronological order to form a chain . All participating nodes have the same data chain , And cannot be tampered with unilaterally . Any information can only be modified by the subject （ According to the agreed proportion ） Only with consent can , And can only add new information , Old information cannot be deleted or modified , So as to realize information sharing and consistent decision-making among multiple nodes .

Distributed storage

The bottom layer of blockchain adopts distributed ledger storage technology , This account book records all the data on the chain , Once there is new data on the chain , All nodes will be notified to perform bookkeeping , Therefore, each node has a full amount of data . In distributed storage environment , Full data has the characteristics of redundancy and mutual backup , When the data of a node is damaged , The overall data will not be lost , So as to ensure the security of data .

cryptographic algorithm

Blockchain adopts cryptographic algorithm , Encryption and decryption algorithm is a very important technology , Including hash algorithm and encryption technology 、 Symmetric algorithm encryption technology 、 Asymmetric algorithm, encryption technology, etc . Hash encryption technology is a common one-way encryption algorithm technology , It encrypts a string of data to generate a string of fixed length hash values , But not from the hash value to the original input data . Symmetric encryption technology uses the same key for encryption and decryption , Both sender and receiver can use this key to encrypt and decrypt the data , Require the decryptor to know the encryption key in advance . Asymmetric encryption requires two keys ： Public and private keys , One of these two is used to encrypt , The other is used to decrypt , namely “ Public key encryption , Private key decryption ” perhaps “ Private key encryption , Public key decryption ”.

Hash encryption

Symmetric encryption

Asymmetric encryption

Consensus mechanism

Blockchain has a consensus mechanism and maintains the same account book . When all nodes in the blockchain reach an agreement and comply with the rules of the consensus mechanism , The ledger will record , So as to ensure the uniqueness of the account book 、 Accuracy and completeness . Common consensus mechanisms are ： Proof of workload POW、 Proof of interest POS、 Certificate of authorized equity DPOS、 Proof of importance POI、 Practical Byzantine fault tolerance PBFT、 Authorize Byzantine fault tolerance DBFT、Pool Verification pool, etc .

tamper-proof

Blockchain tamper protection is based on encryption 、 Distributed and consensus technologies prevent data from being tampered with maliciously . Encryption technology is to ensure that the encrypted content is difficult to be modified by others ; Distributed technology ensures that when data is modified, other nodes also need to be modified ; Consensus technology is to ensure that each node verifies and records data according to the agreed rules .

Intelligent contract

Blockchain smart contract is a digital version of traditional contract , With transparency 、 No tampering 、 Permanent operation and other characteristics . Smart contract adopts a set of commitments with digital constraints and defines a series of automatic rules , When the contract participant performs the commitment and triggers the satisfaction of the conditions , The contract will be executed automatically , So as to speed up the transaction .

Two 、MapGIS Overall blockchain architecture

Combined with the technical characteristics of blockchain ,MapGIS Blockchain takes alliance chain as the main application scenario , The overall architecture consists of MapGIS Blockchain bottom layer 、MapGIS Blockchain development components 、MapGIS Product layer and MapGIS Application layer composition , As shown in the figure ：

●MapGIS The bottom layer of blockchain is composed of blockchain engine and unstructured file storage , It mainly provides a storage environment for geospatial data and its associated file attachment data ;

●MapGIS Blockchain development components are MapGIS The core functional layer of blockchain , It mainly provides blockchain operation and maintenance management and geospatial services GIS Blockchain capabilities ;

●MapGIS The product layer is based on developing components , stay MapGIS desktop 、 Blockchain tools or services are provided in servers and other products , It is convenient for the application layer to access and use ;

● The application layer is based on MapGIS The product layer provides geospatial GIS The application of blockchain .

3、 ... and 、MapGIS Blockchain features

MapGIS Blockchain is achieved by combining with blockchain , stay MapGIS Internal integration Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain engine and IPFS Interstellar file system , Quickly deploy the basic environment of blockchain and build alliance chain through interface tools .

Functionally ,MapGIS Blockchain provides operation and maintenance management functions , Including alliance management 、 passageway ( Subchain ) management 、 Contract management 、 Certificate authority, security management and other management functions , Provide auxiliary tools for blockchain operation and maintenance management ; Provide geospatial data uplink function , On the one hand, support

GIS+ Blockchain , New application scenarios of geospatial data can be expected in the future ！

CDI MapGIS 2021-12-16 16:19

With the rapid development of digital economy , Blockchain is an important infrastructure for the prosperity of digital industry ecology , It has great potential in promoting the innovative development of digital economy , Its connection with the Internet 、 big data 、 Deep integration of artificial intelligence and other information technologies , Are colliding in all walks of life and creating value , The boundaries of application scenarios are expanding . And when GIS Meet the blockchain , What changes will it bring to the application of geospatial data ？

for example , If we want to buy real estate , You need to find a house first , Determine the property owner , And have the legal owner sign the transfer agreement . These seem simple , But a lot of real estate mortgage owners 、 Problematic files 、 forged signature 、 Foreclosures and damaged mortgage documents make real estate transactions highly variable . and GIS The integration with blockchain technology can well solve such problems . As early as 2018 The first blockchain real estate electronic voucher in China was born in Loudi, Hunan Province , Behind this ,MapGIS Integrated with blockchain technology to establish a real estate blockchain information sharing platform , Realize the traceability of the whole life cycle of real estate registration data , It's also GIS Practice of integration with blockchain technology .2021 year ,MapGIS 10.5 Pro Release , It further integrates blockchain technology , This product is made in China GIS What kind of exploration and practice does the software platform have in the new application scenario of geospatial data ？

One 、 The technical magic of blockchain

Blockchain has distributed storage 、 cryptographic algorithm 、 Consensus mechanism 、 Core features such as tamper proof and smart contract , Simply put, it is a shared and unchangeable ledger . If blockchain technology is adopted in a system , Automatically every once in a while , Package the data generated by each participating node into a data block , All data blocks will be arranged in chronological order to form a chain . All participating nodes have the same data chain , And cannot be tampered with unilaterally . Any information can only be modified by the subject （ According to the agreed proportion ） Only with consent can , And can only add new information , Old information cannot be deleted or modified , So as to realize information sharing and consistent decision-making among multiple nodes .

Distributed storage

The bottom layer of blockchain adopts distributed ledger storage technology , This account book records all the data on the chain , Once there is new data on the chain , All nodes will be notified to perform bookkeeping , Therefore, each node has a full amount of data . In distributed storage environment , Full data has the characteristics of redundancy and mutual backup , When the data of a node is damaged , The overall data will not be lost , So as to ensure the security of data .

cryptographic algorithm

Blockchain adopts cryptographic algorithm , Encryption and decryption algorithm is a very important technology , Including hash algorithm and encryption technology 、 Symmetric algorithm encryption technology 、 Asymmetric algorithm, encryption technology, etc . Hash encryption technology is a common one-way encryption algorithm technology , It encrypts a string of data to generate a string of fixed length hash values , But not from the hash value to the original input data . Symmetric encryption technology uses the same key for encryption and decryption , Both sender and receiver can use this key to encrypt and decrypt the data , Require the decryptor to know the encryption key in advance . Asymmetric encryption requires two keys ： Public and private keys , One of these two is used to encrypt , The other is used to decrypt , namely “ Public key encryption , Private key decryption ” perhaps “ Private key encryption , Public key decryption ”.

Hash encryption

Symmetric encryption

Asymmetric encryption

Consensus mechanism

Blockchain has a consensus mechanism and maintains the same account book . When all nodes in the blockchain reach an agreement and comply with the rules of the consensus mechanism , The ledger will record , So as to ensure the uniqueness of the account book 、 Accuracy and completeness . Common consensus mechanisms are ： Proof of workload POW、 Proof of interest POS、 Certificate of authorized equity DPOS、 Proof of importance POI、 Practical Byzantine fault tolerance PBFT、 Authorize Byzantine fault tolerance DBFT、Pool Verification pool, etc .

tamper-proof

Blockchain tamper protection is based on encryption 、 Distributed and consensus technologies prevent data from being tampered with maliciously . Encryption technology is to ensure that the encrypted content is difficult to be modified by others ; Distributed technology ensures that when data is modified, other nodes also need to be modified ; Consensus technology is to ensure that each node verifies and records data according to the agreed rules .

Intelligent contract

Blockchain smart contract is a digital version of traditional contract , With transparency 、 No tampering 、 Permanent operation and other characteristics . Smart contract adopts a set of commitments with digital constraints and defines a series of automatic rules , When the contract participant performs the commitment and triggers the satisfaction of the conditions , The contract will be executed automatically , So as to speed up the transaction .

Two 、MapGIS Overall blockchain architecture

Combined with the technical characteristics of blockchain ,MapGIS Blockchain takes alliance chain as the main application scenario , The overall architecture consists of MapGIS Blockchain bottom layer 、MapGIS Blockchain development components 、MapGIS Product layer and MapGIS Application layer composition , As shown in the figure ：

●MapGIS The bottom layer of blockchain is composed of blockchain engine and unstructured file storage , It mainly provides a storage environment for geospatial data and its associated file attachment data ;

●MapGIS Blockchain development components are MapGIS The core functional layer of blockchain , It mainly provides blockchain operation and maintenance management and geospatial services GIS Blockchain capabilities ;

●MapGIS The product layer is based on developing components , stay MapGIS desktop 、 Blockchain tools or services are provided in servers and other products , It is convenient for the application layer to access and use ;

● The application layer is based on MapGIS The product layer provides geospatial GIS The application of blockchain .

3、 ... and 、MapGIS Blockchain features

MapGIS Blockchain is achieved by combining with blockchain , stay MapGIS Internal integration Hyperledger Fabric Blockchain engine and IPFS Interstellar file system , Quickly deploy the basic environment of blockchain and build alliance chain through interface tools .

Functionally ,MapGIS Blockchain provides operation and maintenance management functions , Including alliance management 、 passageway ( Subchain ) management 、 Contract management 、 Certificate authority, security management and other management functions , Provide auxiliary tools for blockchain operation and maintenance management ; Provide geospatial data uplink function , On the one hand, it supports vector data uplink 、 Dataset Management 、 Data query 、 Historical tracing, etc , On the other hand, it supports image 、 picture 、 Video and other unstructured file uplink management functions .

Four 、MapGIS+ Blockchain   Explore new application scenarios

MapGIS Blockchain fully inherits the distributed storage of blockchain 、 cryptographic algorithm 、 Consensus mechanism 、 Tamper proof and smart contract , In spatial data acquisition 、 Storage sharing 、 Comprehensive application in application scenarios such as flow analysis and innovative changes , Better protect geospatial information ！

In terms of spatial data acquisition , Based on the new infrastructure construction scenario , adopt MapGIS Blockchain integration IoT The Internet of things , The identity of the terminal data source can be confirmed , Ensure that the data is not tampered with , Prevent data pollution and data security , Realize the asset value of collected data .

In terms of spatial data sharing , For important cross sectoral 、 Cross industry and other multi-party collaboration and sharing data , It can be done by MapGIS Blockchain prevents data tampering , Realize data exchange and data sharing , Such as blockchain based patches 、 Real estate electronic voucher and other data , Realize the relationship with the land 、 Taxation 、 Mutual trust and recognition between real estate institutions and other departments .

In terms of spatial data flow , For traceability 、 Affirm the right 、 Notarization and other demand scenarios with high requirements for network wide data consistency , application MapGIS Blockchain Technology , It can give full play to the version characteristics of spatial data , Trace the geographical location information of the certificate and the changes of spatial form .

The rapid development of digital economy 、 The range of radiation 、 The depth of influence is unprecedented , It is becoming a reorganization of global factor resources 、 Reshaping the structure of the global economy 、 The key force to change the global competition pattern .MapGIS Actively integrate and innovate with blockchain technology , Explore new application scenarios of geospatial big data , Strengthen the advantages of massive data and rich application scenarios , To promote the deep integration of China's digital technology and real economy , Promote the digital transformation of industry .

Vector data uplink 、 Dataset Management 、 Data query 、 Historical tracing, etc , On the other hand, it supports image 、 picture 、 Video and other unstructured file uplink management functions .

Four 、MapGIS+ Blockchain   Explore new application scenarios

MapGIS Blockchain fully inherits the distributed storage of blockchain 、 cryptographic algorithm 、 Consensus mechanism 、 Tamper proof and smart contract , In spatial data acquisition 、 Storage sharing 、 Comprehensive application in application scenarios such as flow analysis and innovative changes , Better protect geospatial information ！

In terms of spatial data acquisition , Based on the new infrastructure construction scenario , adopt MapGIS Blockchain integration IoT The Internet of things , The identity of the terminal data source can be confirmed , Ensure that the data is not tampered with , Prevent data pollution and data security , Realize the asset value of collected data .

In terms of spatial data sharing , For important cross sectoral 、 Cross industry and other multi-party collaboration and sharing data , It can be done by MapGIS Blockchain prevents data tampering , Realize data exchange and data sharing , Such as blockchain based patches 、 Real estate electronic voucher and other data , Realize the relationship with the land 、 Taxation 、 Mutual trust and recognition between real estate institutions and other departments .

In terms of spatial data flow , For traceability 、 Affirm the right 、 Notarization and other demand scenarios with high requirements for network wide data consistency , application MapGIS Blockchain Technology , It can give full play to the version characteristics of spatial data , Trace the geographical location information of the certificate and the changes of spatial form .

The rapid development of digital economy 、 The range of radiation 、 The depth of influence is unprecedented , It is becoming a reorganization of global factor resources 、 Reshaping the structure of the global economy 、 The key force to change the global competition pattern .MapGIS Actively integrate and innovate with blockchain technology , Explore new application scenarios of geospatial big data , Strengthen the advantages of massive data and rich application scenarios , To promote the deep integration of China's digital technology and real economy , Promote the digital transformation of industry .